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Evaluation of
the estrogenic effects of legume extracts containing phytoestrogens.
J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Apr 9;51(8):2193-9.
Boue SM, Wiese TE, Nehls S, Burow ME, Elliott S, Carter-Wientjes CH, Shih BY,
McLachlan JA, Cleveland TE.
Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, U.S.
Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, Louisiana 70179, USA. sboue@nola.srrc.usda.gov
Seven legume extracts containing phytoestrogens were analyzed for estrogenic
activity. Methanol extracts were prepared from soybean (Glycine max L.), green
bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), alfalfa sprout (Medicago sativa L.), mung bean
sprout (Vigna radiata L.), kudzu root (Pueraria lobata L.), and red clover
blossom and red clover sprout (Trifolium pratense L.). Extracts of kudzu root
and red clover blossom showed significant competitive binding to estrogen
receptor beta (ERbeta). Estrogenic activity was determined using an
estrogen-dependent MCF-7 breast cancer cell proliferation assay. Kudzu root, red
clover blossom and sprout, mung bean sprout, and alfalfa sprout extracts
displayed increased cell proliferation above levels observed with estradiol. The
pure estrogen antagonist, ICI 182,780, suppressed cell proliferation induced by
the extracts, suggesting an ER-related signaling pathway was involved. The ER
subtype-selective activities of legume extracts were examined using transiently
transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells. All seven of the extracts
exhibited preferential agonist activity toward ERbeta. Using HPLC to collect
fractions and MCF-7 cell proliferation, the active components in kudzu root
extract were determined to be the isoflavones puerarin, daidzin, genistin,
daidzein, and genistein. These results show that several legumes are a source of phytoestrogens with high levels of estrogenic activity.
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