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Interactions of alfalfa plant and sprout saponins with cholesterol in vitro and
in cholesterol-fed rats.
Am J Clin Nutr 1984 Jun;39(6):917-29
Story JA, LePage SL, Petro MS, West LG, Cassidy MM, Lightfoot FG, Vahouny GV.
The in vitro interactions of saponins from alfalfa plant and alfalfa sprouts
with cholesterol and the effects of alfalfa plant and sprout and saponin-free
alfalfa plant on diet-induced liver cholesterol accumulation, bile acid
excretion, and jejunal and colonic morphology were examined. Cholesterol-saponin
interactions have been suggested as mechanisms for the observed
hypocholesterolemic effects of alfalfa as well as the changes in intestinal
morphology. Alfalfa plant saponins bound significant quantities of cholesterol
both from ethanol solution and from micellar suspension. Alfalfa sprout saponins
interacted with cholesterol to a lesser but significant extent. Sprout saponins
also inhibited growth of Trichoderma viride significantly, another measure of
saponin-cholesterol interaction. Bile acid adsorption was greatest for alfalfa
plant and was not reduced by removal of saponins from the plant material. The
ability of alfalfa to reduce liver cholesterol accumulation in cholesterol-fed
rats was enhanced by removal of saponins and alfalfa sprouts did not prevent
accumulation. Removal of saponins from alfalfa reduced the changes in intestinal
morphology previously reported, but interaction with membrane cholesterol did
not appear to be the cause of this effect of saponins. Saponin-cholesterol
interaction is an important part of the hypocholesterolemic action of alfalfa
but interaction of bile acids with other components of alfalfa may be of equal
importance.
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