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Uptake of
various trace elements during germination of wheat, buckwheat and quinoa.
Plant Foods Hum Nutr 1997;50(3):223-37
Lintschinger J, Fuchs N, Moser H, Jager R, Hlebeina T, Markolin G, Gossler W.
Karl-Franzens Universitat Graz, Institut fur Analytische Chemie, Austria.
The practice of sprouting is widely used to improve the nutritional value of
grain seeds. Several nutritive factors such as vitamin concentrations and
bioavailability of trace elements and minerals increase during germination. The
objective of this work was to study the enrichment of various essential trace
elements during germination of wheat (Triticum aestivum), buckwheat (Fagopyrum
esculentum), and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) seeds in order to improve their
nutritional role as a source of bioavailable trace elements. Seeds were sprouted
either in distilled- or tap-water and in five different electrolyte solutions to
investigate the concentration-dependent uptake. The time-dependence was
investigated by analyzing aliquots of the sprouts after certain germination
periods. Samples were analyzed after freeze drying for their Li, V, Cr, Fe, Mn,
Co, Cu, Zn, Sr, Mo, As and Se concentrations with inductively-coupled plasma
mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS). As a control for possible changes in the biochemical
metabolism of the sprouts, the biosynthesis of vitamin C was also determined by
using reversed-phase ion-pair HPLC. It was shown that quinoa was the most
resistant to the applied electrolyte solutions and had the highest uptake rates
for almost all elements, followed by buckwheat and wheat. Greatest increases
were observed for Co, Sr, and Li. No significant changes in vitamin C
biosynthesis were observed between sprouts grown in different electrolyte
solutions. The time-dependent uptake for most elements was characterized by a
significant absorption during soaking of the seeds, followed by a lag phase
during the first day of germination and an increased uptake during the second
and third day. Se and As showed distinctly different uptake behaviors.
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