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ISS
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Cookeville, TN 38501 USA
931 526 1106
Bob@sproutnet.com
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Reduction of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 and Salmonella on Laboratory-Inoculated
Alfalfa Seed with Commercial Citrus-Related Products
July 2003
Journal of Food Protection Volume: 66 Number: 7 Page: 1158 - 1165
William F. Fett ; Peter H. Cooke
International Association for Food Protection
Abstract: Alfalfa sprouts contaminated with the bacterial pathogens Escherichia
coli O157:H7 and Salmonella have been the source of numerous outbreaks of
foodborne illness in the United States and in other countries. The seed used for
sprouting appears to be the primary source of these pathogens. The aim of this
study was to determine whether the efficacy of commercial citrus-related
products for sanitizing sprouting seed is similar to that of high levels of
chlorine. Five products (Citrex, Pangermex, Citricidal, Citrobio, and Environné)
were tested at concentrations of up to 20,000 ppm in sterile tap water and
compared with buffered chlorine (at 16,000 ppm). Alfalfa seeds were inoculated
with four-strain cocktails of Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 to give final
initial concentrations of ca. 9.0 and 7.0 CFU/g, respectively. Treatments (10
min) with Citrex, Pangermex, and Citricidal at 20,000 ppm and chlorine at 16,000
ppm produced similar log reductions for alfalfa seed inoculated with four-strain
cocktails of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella (3.42 to 3.46 log CFU/g and 3.56 to
3.74 log CFU/g, respectively), and all four treatments were significantly (P <
0.05) more effective than the control treatment (a buffer wash). Citrobio at
20,000 ppm was as effective as the other three products and chlorine against
Salmonella but not against E. coli O157:H7. Environné was not more effective
(producing reductions of 2.2 to 2.9 log CFU/g) than the control treatment (which
produced reductions of 2.1 to 2.3 log CFU/g) against either pathogen. None of
the treatments reduced seed germination. In vitro assays, as well as
transmission electron microscopy, confirmed the antibacterial nature of the
products that were effective against the two pathogens and indicated that they
were bactericidal. When used at 20,000 ppm, the effective citrus-related
products may be viable alternatives to chlorine for the sanitization of
sprouting seed pending regulatory approval
The
article includes the following addendum:
After acceptance of the manuscript, the authors learned that the product
Pangermex sold in Brazil is a concentrated form of the product Citrobio CB20
sold in the United States.
International Specialty Supply is the exclusive sprout industry distributor for
Citrobio (Pangermex). For more
information on Citrobio please call Al or Karen at ISS at 931 526 1106.
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