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Molecular epidemiology of two
international sprout-borne Salmonella outbreaks
J Clin Microbiol 1997 Oct;35(10):2487-91
Puohiniemi R, Heiskanen T, Siitonen A.
Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki,
Finland.
Sprout-borne Salmonella outbreaks in Finland have increased during the last 10
years. The latest two were caused by Salmonella enterica serovar
Bovismorbificans (antigenic structure 6,8:r:1,5) in 1994 and S. enterica serovar
Stanley (4,5, 12:d:1,2) in 1995. In this study, the restriction fragment length
polymorphism of genomic DNA after pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and
antimicrobial resistance profiles of the outbreak and nonoutbreak strains were
compared. In each separate outbreak, the PFGE patterns of the outbreak strains
(40 strains of S. enterica serovar Bovismorbificans and 28 strains of S.
enterica serovar Stanley) after digestion of genomic DNA with restriction enzyme
XbaI were indistinguishable from each other but differed clearly from those of
the nonoutbreak strains (26 strains of S. enterica serovar Bovismorbificans and
40 strains of S. enterica serovar Stanley). The restriction enzyme XhoI did not
differentiate the outbreak and nonoutbreak strains. The S. enterica serovar
Stanley strains associated with the outbreak also had a unique antimicrobial
resistance pattern, whereas all S. enterica serovar Bovismorbificans strains,
both outbreak and nonoutbreak strains, were sensitive to all antimicrobial
agents tested. Thus, the molecular typing confirmed that the S. enterica serovar
Bovismorbificans outbreak isolates from humans and sprout salad were identical
and strongly supported the epidemiological finding that S. enterica serovar
Stanley outbreak isolates also originated from contaminated alfalfa seeds. It
also confirmed that the sources of similar outbreaks in Sweden in 1994 caused by
S. enterica serovar Bovismorbificans and in the United States in 1995 caused by
S. enterica serovar Stanley and the source of the Finnish outbreaks were common.
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