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Nutrition Index

Amino Acid

Anti-Nutrient Reduction

Antioxidants

Anthocyamin

Apigenin

Ascorbic Acid

Bogenic Amines

Biokinetics

Calculated Protein Efficiency Ratio

Canavanine

Carotenoids

Folacin

Fiber

Flavonoids

Glucosinolates

Isoflavine

Isothiocyanates

L-DOPA

Nutrition - General

Peroxidase

Phenolic Acid

Phytoestrogen & Isoflavone

Protein

Resveratrol

Rutin

Saponins

Selenium

Typsin Inhibitor & Anti-Nutrient Reduction

Vitamins

Amino Acid

"Amino acid composition protein quality and water-soluble vitamin content of germinated cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata)", Plant Foods Hum Nutr 1989 Jun;39(2):187-200, Nnanna IA, Phillips RD.

"Amino acid makeup and biological value of the proteins from the seeds and sprouts of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus L.)", Vopr Pitan 1978 May-Jun;(3):77-9, [Article in Russian], Bui Min Dyk, Shaposhnikov GL, Aseeva KB.

"Amino acids in seeds and seedlings of the genus Lens" [lentils], Phytochemistry 2001, Sep;58(2):281-9, Rozan P, Kuo YH, Lambein F.

"An acidic amino acid-specific protease from germinating soybeans", Phytochemistry 1996 May;42(2):313-9, Tan-Wilson AL, Liu X, Chen R, Qi X, Wilson KA.

Anti-Nutrient Reduction - See Typsin Inhibitor & Anti-Nutrient Reduction

 

Antioxidants

"Aging Reversibility: from Thymus Graft to Vegetable Extract Treatment - Application to Cure an Age-associated Pathology"  Biogerontology. 2005;6(4):245-53. Basso A, Rossolini G, Piantanelli A, Amici D, Calzuola I, Mancinelli L, Marsili V, Gianfranceschi GL

"An anthocyanin compound in buckwheat sprouts and its contribution to antioxidant capacity" Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2007 Feb;71(2):579-82. Epub 2007 Feb 7. Watanabe M. National Agricultural Research Center for Tohoku Region, Morioka, Irwate, Japan.

 

"Antioxidant Activity of Tartary (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.) and Common (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Buckwheat Sprouts." J2008 Jan 9;56(1):173-8. Liu CL, Chen YS, Yang JH, Chiang BH.

 

"Antioxidant and Choleretic Properties of Raphanus sativus L. Sprout (Kaiware Daikon) Extract" J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Dec, 27;54(26):9773-9778, Barillari J, Cervellati R, Costa S, Guerra MC, Speroni E, Utan A, Iori R.

"Antioxidant Constituents of Radish Sprout (Kaiware-daikon), Raphanus sativus L.", J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Dec 31;51(27):8061-6., Takaya Y, Kondo Y, Furukawa T, Niwa M., Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Tempaku, Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan.

"Antioxidants in vegan diet and rheumatic disorders." Hanninen, Kaartinen K, Rauma AL, Nenonen M, Torronen R, Hakkinen AS, Adlercreutz H, Laakso J., Toxicology 2000 Nov 30;155(1-3):45-53, Department of Physiology, University of Kuopio, Finland.

[Antioxidative activity of [methanolic extracts of] mung bean sprouts, soyabean sprouts and radish sprouts]. Wong, R.G.; Yen, G.C.; CHINESE AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL SOCIETY, JOURNAL, v.35(6):661-670, 1997. [In Chinese].

"Apigenin and cancer chemoprevention: Progress, potential and promise (Review)." Int J Oncol. 2007 Jan;30(1):233-45. Patel D, Shukla S, Gupta S.

 

"Aqua-culture improved buckwheat sprouts with more abundant precious nutrients and hypolipidemic activity." Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2009 Jun 30:1-14. Peng CC, Chen KC, Yang YL, Lin LY, Peng RY.

 

"Aqueous Extract from Spanish Black Radish (Raphanus sativus L. Var. niger) Induces Detoxification Enzymes in the HepG2 Human Hepatoma Cell Line." J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Aug 8;55(16):6439-46. Epub 2007 Jul 6.  Hanlon PR, Webber DM, Barnes DM. Standard Process, Department of Research and Development, 1200 West Royal Lee Drive, Palmyra, Wisconsin 53156.

 

[Change in the reaction of the antioxidant system of wheat sprouts after UV-irradiation of seeds], Biofizika. 2000 Jul-Aug;45(4):730-6., [Article in Russian], Rogozhin VV, Kuriliuk TT, Filippova NP. Yakutsk State Agricultural Academy, Russia.

 

"Chemical components with health implications in wild and cultivated Mexican common bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)"
J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Mar 22;54(6):2045-52. Diaz-Batalla L, Widholm JM, Fahey GC Jr, Castano-Tostado E, Paredes-Lopez O. Programa de Posgrado en Alimentos del Centro de la Republica, Facultad de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Queretaro, Qro. 76010, Mexico.

"Chemical Compositions and Antioxidant/Anti-inflammatory Activities of Steam Distillate from Freeze-Dried Onion (Allium cepa L.) Sprout." Takahashi M, Shibamoto T. J Agric Food Chem. 2008 Oct 23.

"Chemoprotective glucosinolates and isothiocyanates of broccoli sprouts: metabolism and excretion in humans.", Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2001 May;10(5):501-8, Shapiro TA, Fahey JW, Wade KL, Stephenson KK, Talalay P., Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.

"Comparative activity of antioxidants from wheat sprouts, Morinda citrifolia, fermented papaya and white tea" Calzuola I, Gianfranceschi GL, Marsili V. Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Universita di Perugia, Italy, and Centro di Eccellenza Materiali Innovativi e Nanostrutturati, Universita di Perugia, Italy.

"Contribution of low-molecular-weight antioxidants to the antioxidant capacity of raw and processed lentil seeds." Nahrung. 2003 Oct;47(5):291-9. Fernandez-Orozco R, Zielinski H, Piskula MK. EU Centre of Excellence CENEXFOOD, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland.

"Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Activity of 4-Methylthio-3-butenyl Isothiocyanate from Raphanus sativus L. (Kaiware Daikon) Sprouts" J. Agric. Food Chem., 56 (3), 875–883, 2008. 10.1021/jf073123c. Alessio Papi, Marina Orlandi, Giovanna Bartolini, Jessica Barillari, Renato Iori, Moreno Paolini, Fiammetta Ferroni, Maria Grazia Fumo, Gian Franco Pedulli, and Luca Valgimigli.

"Dietary approaches to positively influence fetal determinants of adult health" FASEB J. 2005 Dec 14; Noyan-Ashraf MH, Wu L, Wang R, Juurlink BH.

"Dietary phytoestrogens." Annu Rev Nutr 1997;17:353-81, Kurzer MS, Xu X., Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108, USA.

 

"Dietary sulforaphane-rich broccoli sprouts reduce colonization and attenuate gastritis in Helicobacter pylori-infected mice and humans." Cancer Prev Res (Phila Pa). 2009 Apr;2(4):353-60. Yanaka A, Fahey JW, Fukumoto A, Nakayama M, Inoue S, Zhang S, Tauchi M, Suzuki H, Hyodo I, Yamamoto M., Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba-Ken, Tokyo, Japan.

 

"Direct Antioxidant Activity of Purified Glucoerucin, the Dietary Secondary Metabolite Contained in Rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.) Seeds and Sprouts" J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Apr 6;53(7):2475-2482. Barillari J, Canistro D, Paolini M, Ferroni F, Pedulli GF, Iori R, Valgimigli L.

"Effects of Irradiated Light Intensity on the Amount of Antioxidants and Antioxidative Capacity in Cruciferous Sprouts" Hort. Res. (Japan)) 5 (3) : 315–320.2006. Kenjiro Maekawa1, Tomoo Maeda2, Chihiro Oshima3, Takashi Suzuki1* and Katsuji Oosawa1.

"Effects of soybean (Glycine max) germination on biologically active components, nutritional values of seeds, and biological characteristics in rats", Nahrung 2000 Feb;44(1):2-6, Bau HM, Villaume C, Mejean L.

"Germination and exposure to UV light and chemical elicitors enhance the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of 13 different seeds" 2005 IFT Annual Meeting, July 15-20 - New Orleans, Louisiana, Session 36E, Fruit & Vegetable Products: General, B. A. CEVALLOS-CASALS and L. A. Cisneros-Zevallos.

"High-ORAC Foods May Slow Aging", Judy McBride, USDA ARS, February 8, 1999.

"Kinetic study of the antioxidant compounds and antioxidant capacity during germination of Vigna radiata cv. emmerald, Glycine max cv. jutro and Glycine max cv. merit" 2008, Rebeca Fernandez-Orozco, Juana Frias, Henryk Zielinski, Mariusz K. Piskula, Halina Kozlowska and Concepción Vidal-Valverde, aInstituto de Fermentaciones Industriales (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain, bInstitute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland.

"Legumes as a source of natural antioxidants" European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, Volume 110, Issue 10, Date: No. 10 October 2008, Pages: 865-878. Ryszard Amarowicz 1 *, Ronald B. Pegg 2, 1Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland. 2Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, Athens, USA.

"Nutritional Relevance of Wheat Sprouts Containing High Levels of Organic Phosphates and Antioxidant Compounds", J Clin Gastroenterol. 2004 Jul;38(6 Suppl):S123-6., Marsili V, Calzuola I, Gianfranceschi GL., Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Molecolare, Universita degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.

"Phenolics, Their Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity in Dark Germinated Fenugreek Sprouts in Response to Peptide and Phytochemical Elicitors", Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2004;13(3):295-307. Randhir R, Lin YT, Shetty K. Department of Food Science, Chenoweth Laboratory, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.

"The potential of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.), an Israeli native, as a source of edible sprouts rich in antioxidants" Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2007 Aug 20;:1-8 Vaknin Y, Hadas R, Schafferman D, Murkhovsky L, Bashan N. Department of Agronomy and Natural Resources, Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel.  

"Screening of antioxidant compounds during sprouting of Brassica oleracea L. var. costata DC." Comb Chem High Throughput Screen. 2007 Jun;10(5):377-86, Sousa C, Lopes G, Pereira DM, Taveira M, Valentão P, Seabra RM, Pereira JA, Baptista P, Ferreres F, Andrade PB. REQUIMTE/Serviço de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Aníbal Cunha 164, 4050-047 Porto, Portugal.

"Stimulation of phenolics, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in dark germinated mung bean sprouts in response to peptide and phytochemical elicitors". By: Randhir, Reena; Lin, Yuan-Tong; Shetty, Kalidas. Process Biochemistry, Jan 2004, Vol. 39 Issue 5, p637, 10p;

"Studies on germination conditions and antioxidant contents of wheat grain", Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2001 Jul;52(4):319-30, Yang F, Basu TK, Ooraikul B., Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada.

"Synthesis of Antioxidants in Wheat Sprouts", J Agric Food Chem. 2004 Aug 11;52(16):5201-6. Calzuola I, Marsili V, Gianfranceschi GL., Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Molecolare, Universita di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.

"Trace element water improves the antioxidant activity of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) sprouts" J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Oct 31;55(22):8934-40, Liu CL, Chen YS, Yang JH, Chiang BH, Hsu CK., Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, 70, Ta-chih Street, Taipei 104, Taiwan, ROC.

"Total Phenolics Level, Antioxidant Activities and Cytotoxicity of Young Sprouts of Some Traditional Korean Salad Plants". Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2008 Nov 19. Chon SU, Heo BG, Park YS, Kim DK, Gorinstein S. EFARINET Co. Ltd., BI Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, South Korea.

"Use of cyclic voltammetry, photochemiluminescence, and spectrophotometric methods for the measurement of the antioxidant capacity of buckwheat sprouts" J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Nov 28;55(24):9891-8. Zielinska D, Szawara-Nowak D, Ornatowska A, Wiczkowski W. 

"Wheat sprout extract induces changes on 20S proteasomes functionality." Amici M, Bonfili L, Spina M, Cecarini V, Calzuola I, Marsili V, Angeletti M, Fioretti E, Tacconi R, Gianfranceschi GL, Eleuteri AM. University of Camerino, Department of Biology M.C.A., 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy.

Anthocyamin

"An anthocyanin compound in buckwheat sprouts and its contribution to antioxidant capacity" Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2007 Feb;71(2):579-82. Epub 2007 Feb 7. Watanabe M. National Agricultural Research Center for Tohoku Region, Morioka, Irwate, Japan.

Apigenin

"Apigenin and cancer chemoprevention: Progress, potential and promise (Review)." Int J Oncol. 2007 Jan;30(1):233-45. Patel D, Shukla S, Gupta S.

Ascorbic Acid

"Nutritional evaluation of chickpea and germinated chickpea flours", Plant Foods Hum Nutr 1988;38(2):127-34, Fernandez ML, Berry JW.

Bogenic Amines

"Changes in biogenic amines in mature and germinating legume seeds and their behavior during cooking", Nahrung 2000 Feb;44(1):23-7, Shalaby AR.

Biokinetics

"Biokinetic studies in humans with stable isotopes as tracers. Part 1: A methodology for incorporation of trace metals into vegetables.", Isotopes Environ Health Stud 1998;34(3):291-6, Giussani A, Heinrichs U, Roth P, Werner E, Schramel P, Wendler I., GSF, National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Radiation Protection, Neuherberg, Germany.

Calculated Protein Efficiency Ratio

[Antiphysiological and nutritional factor changes in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) seeds during germination], Arch Latinoam Nutr. 1997 Jun;47(2):136-40. [Article in Spanish], Alvarez Venegas R, Castellanos Molina R, Martinez Bustos F, Cruz Mondragon C.

Canavanine

"Natural Abundance Of L-Canavanine, An Active Anticancer Agent, in Alfalfa, Medicago Sativa", (L.)Pharmaceutical Biology, 2000, Vol.38, No.1, pp. 001-006, Gerald A. Rosenthal and Palesa Nkomo, University of Kentucky, Laboratory of Biochemical Ecology, Lexington, USA.

"Reexamination of canavanine disappearance during germination of alfalfa (Medicago sativa).", J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1986 Feb;32(1):77-82, Kasai T, Sakamura S.

"Research Note: Simplified Qualitative Method for Canavanine in Seeds and Sprouts", Kathleen T. Rajkowski, Journal of Food Protection: Vol. 67, No. 1, pp. 212–214.

"Simplified Method for Canavanine in Seeds and Sprouts", Rajkowski, Kathleen T., Eastern Reginoal Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, Approved Date: 2002-11-04

Carotenoids

"Direct Antioxidant Activity of Purified Glucoerucin, the Dietary Secondary Metabolite Contained in Rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.) Seeds and Sprouts" J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Apr 6;53(7):2475-2482. Barillari J, Canistro D, Paolini M, Ferroni F, Pedulli GF, Iori R, Valgimigli L.

"Legume carotenoids", Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 1987;26(2):137-55, Sri Kantha S, Erdman JW Jr.

Folacin

"Folacin content of alfalfa and mung bean sprouts: The effect of extraction procedures and maturity" Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, Volume 36, Issue 11, Date: November 1985, Pages: 1155-1160, Marilyn F. Magaram, Cynthia L. Stotts, Tung-Shan Chen, Christine H. Smith, Arlene J. Kirsch, Division of Food Science and Nutrition Department of Home Economics, California State University, Northridge, California 91330, USA.

"Folic Acid and Alfalfa, The FALL Study", Lawrence D. Rink, M.D.,F.A.C.C., Clinical Professor of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, February 12, 2003.

Fiber

"Compositional and digestibility changes in sprouted barley and canola seeds.", Plant Foods Hum Nutr 1989 Sep;39(3):267-78, Chung TY, Nwokolo EN, Sim JS., Department of Animal Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.

 

"Direct Antioxidant Activity of Purified Glucoerucin, the Dietary Secondary Metabolite Contained in Rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.) Seeds and Sprouts" J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Apr 6;53(7):2475-2482. Barillari J, Canistro D, Paolini M, Ferroni F, Pedulli GF, Iori R, Valgimigli L.

 

"Germinated barley foodstuff increases fecal volume and butyrate production in humans" Int J Mol Med. 1998 Jun;1(6):937-41. Kanauchi O, Mitsuyama K, Saiki T, Fushikia T, Iwanaga T. Applied Bioresearch Center, Corporate Research and Development Division, Kirin Brewery Co. Ltd., Takasaki, Gunma 370-12, Japan.

 

"Mechanism for the increased defecation and jejunum mucosal protein content in rats by feeding germinated barley foodstuff" Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1997 Mar;61(3):443-8. Kanauchi O, Agata K, Fushiki T. Applied Bioresearch Center, Kirin Brewery Co., Ltd., Gunma, Japan.

"Plasma cholesterol-lowering effect on rats of dietary fiber extracted from immature plants.", Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2000 Dec;64(12):2543-51, Nishimura N, Taniguchi Y, Kiriyama S., Department of Bioscience and Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.

"Prebiotic treatment of experimental colitis with germinated barley foodstuff: a comparison with probiotic or antibiotic treatment" Int J Mol Med. 2002 Jan;9(1):65-70. Fukuda M, Kanauchi O, Araki Y, Andoh A, Mitsuyama K, Takagi K, Toyonaga A, Sata M, Fujiyama Y, Fukuoka M, Matsumoto Y, Bamba T. Pharmaceutical Division, Kirin Brewery Co. Ltd., Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8011, Japan.

"Protein, and dietary fiber-rich new foodstuff from brewer's spent grain increased excretion of feces and jejunum mucosal protein content in rats" Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1997 Jan;61(1):29-33. Kanauchi O, Agata K. Applied Bioresearch Center Corporate Research and Development Division, Kirin Brewery, Co., Ltd., Gunma, Japan.

Flavonoids

"An anthocyanin compound in buckwheat sprouts and its contribution to antioxidant capacity" Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2007 Feb;71(2):579-82. Epub 2007 Feb 7. Watanabe M. National Agricultural Research Center for Tohoku Region, Morioka, Irwate, Japan.

 

"Chemical components with health implications in wild and cultivated Mexican common bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)"
J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Mar 22;54(6):2045-52. Diaz-Batalla L, Widholm JM, Fahey GC Jr, Castano-Tostado E, Paredes-Lopez O. Programa de Posgrado en Alimentos del Centro de la Republica, Facultad de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Queretaro, Qro. 76010, Mexico.

 

"Direct Antioxidant Activity of Purified Glucoerucin, the Dietary Secondary Metabolite Contained in Rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.) Seeds and Sprouts" J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Apr 6;53(7):2475-2482. Barillari J, Canistro D, Paolini M, Ferroni F, Pedulli GF, Iori R, Valgimigli L.

"Identification of anthocyanins in the sprouts of buckwheat."  J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Jul 25;55(15):6314-8. Epub 2007 Jun 20. Kim SJ, Maeda T, Sarker MZ, Takigawa S, Matsuura-Endo C, Yamauchi H, Mukasa Y, Saito K, Hashimoto N, Noda T, Saito T, Suzuki T.  National Agricultural and Food Research Organization for Hokkaido Region, Memuro, Hokkaido 082-0071, Japan.

"Induction of Cell Cycle Arrest and p21CIP1/WAF1 Expression in Human Lung Cancer Cells by Isoliquiritigenin", Cancer Letters, Volume 207, Issue 1 , 15 April 2004, Pages 27-35, Tsunehiro Ii, Yoshiko Satomi, Daishiro Katoh, Junichi Shimada, Masaki Baba, Toru Okuyama, Hoyoku Nishino and Nobuo Kitamura.

"Isoliquiritigenin induces G2 and M phase arrest by inducing DNA damage and by inhibiting the metaphase/anaphase transition" Cancer Lett. 2009 Jan 22. Park I, Park KK, Park JH, Chung WY. Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.

Glucosinolates and Isothiocyanates

"Anti-cancer Potential of Asian Brassicas" RIRDC Project No DAQ-307A, June 2004 - June 2007 Dr Tim O'Hare Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Queensland Horticulture Institute, Gatton Research Station.

"Anti-cancer Potential of Asian Brassicas, Glucosinolates & Chemoprevention"   A report for the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, by Tim O’Hare, Lesleigh Force, Lung Wong and Donald Irving, December 2006.

"Antioxidant and Choleretic Properties of Raphanus sativus L. Sprout (Kaiware Daikon) Extract" J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Dec, 27;54(26):9773-9778, Barillari J, Cervellati R, Costa S, Guerra MC, Speroni E, Utan A, Iori R.

"Aqueous Extract from Spanish Black Radish (Raphanus sativus L. Var. niger) Induces Detoxification Enzymes in the HepG2 Human Hepatoma Cell Line." J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Aug 8;55(16):6439-46. Epub 2007 Jul 6.  Hanlon PR, Webber DM, Barnes DM. Standard Process, Department of Research and Development, 1200 West Royal Lee Drive, Palmyra, Wisconsin 53156.

"Bioavailability and kinetics of sulforaphane in humans after consumption of cooked versus raw broccoli." J Agric Food Chem. 2008 Nov 26;56(22):10505-9. Vermeulen M, Klöpping-Ketelaars IW, van den Berg R, Vaes WH. TNO Quality of Life, AJ Zeist, The Netherlands.

"Changes in the glucosinolate-myrosinase defense system in Brassica juncea cotyledons during seedling development.", J Chem Ecol. 2002 Feb;28(2):243-56., Wallace SK, Eigenbrode SD. Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow 83844-2339, USA.

"Chemoprotective glucosinolates and isothiocyanates of broccoli sprouts: metabolism and excretion in humans.", Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2001 May;10(5):501-8, Shapiro TA, Fahey JW, Wade KL, Stephenson KK, Talalay P., Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.

"Chinese cabbage extracts and sulforaphane can protect H2O2-induced inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication through the inactivation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinases." J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Oct 19;53(21):8205-10. Hwang JW, Park JS, Jo EH, Kim SJ, Yoon BS, Kim SH, Lee YS, Kang KS.

"Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Activity of 4-Methylthio-3-butenyl Isothiocyanate from Raphanus sativus L. (Kaiware Daikon) Sprouts" J. Agric. Food Chem., 56 (3), 875–883, 2008. 10.1021/jf073123c. Alessio Papi, Marina Orlandi, Giovanna Bartolini, Jessica Barillari, Renato Iori, Moreno Paolini, Fiammetta Ferroni, Maria Grazia Fumo, Gian Franco Pedulli, and Luca Valgimigli.

"Daikon, a promising anti-cancer vegetable" RIRDC Project No DAQ-342A, June 2007,  Dr Tim O'Hare Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries,

Queensland Horticulture Institute, Gatton Research Station

 

"Direct Antioxidant Activity of Purified Glucoerucin, the Dietary Secondary Metabolite Contained in Rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.) Seeds and Sprouts" J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Apr 6;53(7):2475-2482. Barillari J, Canistro D, Paolini M, Ferroni F, Pedulli GF, Iori R, Valgimigli L.

"Effect of methyl jasmonate on phenolics, isothiocyanate, and metabolic enzymes in radish sprout (Raphanus sativus L.)." J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Sep 20;54(19):7263-9. Kim HJ, Chen F, Wang X, Choi JH. Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA.

"Effect of storage, processing and cooking on glucosinolate content of Brassica vegetables." Food Chem Toxicol. 2007 Feb;45(2):216-24. Epub 2006 Aug 30. Song L, Thornalley PJ. Disease Mechanisms and Therapeutic Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom.

"Effects of Glucosinolate-Rich Broccoli Sprouts on Urinary Levels of Aflatoxin-DNA Adducts and Phenanthrene Tetraols in a Randomized Clinical Trial in He Zuo Township, Qidong, People's Republic of China" Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005 Nov;14(11):2605-13.

"Effect of storage, processing and cooking on glucosinolate content of Brassica vegetables" Food Chem Toxicol. 2007 Feb;45(2):216-24. Epub 2006 Aug 30. Song L, Thornalley PJ. Disease Mechanisms and Therapeutic Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom.

"Erucin, a new promising cancer chemopreventive agent from rocket salads, shows anti-proliferative activity on human lung carcinoma A549 cells." Food Chem Toxicol.  2009 Jul;47(7):1430-6. Epub 2009 Mar 27. Melchini A, Costa C, Traka M, Miceli N, Mithen R, De Pasquale R, Trovato A. Dip. Farmaco-Biologico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, Villaggio Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.

"Evaporative light-scattering analysis of sulforaphane in broccoli samples: Quality of broccoli products regarding sulforaphane contents." J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Apr 5;54(7):2479-83. Nakagawa K, Umeda T, Higuchi O, Tsuzuki T, Suzuki T, Miyazawa T. Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan.

"Glucoraphanin and 4-Hydroxyglucobrassicin Contents in Seeds of 59 Cultivars of Broccoli, Raab, Kohlrabi, Radish, Cauliflower, Brussels Sprouts, Kale, and Cabbage" Agric. Food Chem., 52 (4), 916 -926, 2004. 10.1021/jf0307189 S0021-8561(03)00718-0, Web Release Date: January 22, 2004. Leslie G. West,* Keith A. Meyer, Barbara A. Balch, Frank J. Rossi, Michael R. Schultz, and George W. Haas. Kraft Foods North America.

"Glucosinolate Compostition and Anti-Cancer Potential of Daikon and Radish Sprouts" ISHS Acta Horticulturae 765: XXVII International Horticultural Congress - IHC2006: International Symposium on Plants as Food and Medicine: The Utilization and Development of Horticultural Plants for Human Health. T.J. O'Hare, L.S. Wong, L.E. Force, C.B. Gurung, D.E. Irving, D.J. Williams.

"Glucosinolate profiling of seed and sprouts of B. oleracea varieties used for food" Scientia Horticulturae, v.114(4):234-242, 2007. Bellostas, N.; Kachlicki, P.; Sorensen, J.C.; Sorensen, H.

 

"Glucosinolates in Brassica vegetables: The influence of the food supply chain on intake, bioavailability and human health".  Mol Nutr Food Res. 2008 Nov 26, Verkerk R, Schreiner M, Krumbein A, Ciska E, Holst B, Rowland I, De Schrijver R, Hansen M, Gerhäuser C, Mithen R, Dekker M.

"Heating decreases epithiospecifier protein activity and increases sulforaphane formation in broccoli" Phytochemistry. 2004 May;65(9):1273-81. Matusheski NV, Juvik JA, Jeffery EH. Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, 499 Bevier Hall, 905 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.

"Identification and quantification of glucosinolates in sprouts derived from seeds of wild Eruca sativa L. (salad rocket) and Diplotaxis tenuifolia L. (wild rocket) from diverse geographical locations" J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Jan 10;55(1):67-74. Bennett RN, Carvalho R, Mellon FA, Eagles J, Rosa EA. CECEA-Departamento de Fitotecnia e Engenharia Rural, Universidade de TrAs-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Apartado 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.  

"Influence of light on health-promoting phytochemicals of broccoli sprouts" Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, Volume 88, Issue 5, Date: 15 April 2008, Pages: 904-910 Santiago Pérez-Balibrea, Diego A Moreno, Cristina García-Viguera, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.

"Influence of temperature and ontogeny on the levels of glucosinolates in broccoli (Brassica oleracea Var. italica) sprouts and their effect on the induction of mammalian phase 2 enzymes.", J Agric Food Chem 2002 Oct 9;50(21):6239-44, Pereira FM, Rosa E, Fahey JW, Stephenson KK, Carvalho R, Aires A.

"Isolation of 4-Methylthio-3-butenyl Glucosinolate from Raphanus sativus Sprouts (Kaiware Daikon) and Its Redox Properties." J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Dec 28;53(26):9890-9896.

"Multi-targeted prevention of cancer by sulforaphane." Cancer Lett. 2008 Oct 8;269(2):291-304. Epub 2008 May 27. Clarke JD, Dashwood RH, Ho E. Department of Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, 117 Milam Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.

"Nutrition and cancer: a review of the evidence for an anti-cancer diet" Nutr J. 2004 Oct 20;3:19, Donaldson MS. Hallelujah Acres Foundation, 13553 Vantage Hwy, Ellensburg, WA 98926, USA.

 

"Potential health benefits of broccoli- a chemico-biological overview." Mini Rev Med Chem. 2009 Jun;9(6):749-59. Vasanthi HR, Mukherjee S, Das DK. Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030-1110, USA.

"Purification of sulforaphane from Brassica oleracea seed meal using low-pressure column chromatography" J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2005 Oct 17; Liang H, Yuan Q, Xiao Q.

"Quantification of sulforaphane mercapturic acid pathway conjugates in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography and isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry." Chem Res Toxicol. 2008 Oct;21(10):1991-6. Epub 2008 Aug 26. Egner PA, Kensler TW, Chen JG, Gange SJ, Groopman JD, Friesen MD. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.

"Quantitative determination of intact glucosinolates in broccoli, broccoli sprouts, Brussels sprouts, and cauliflower by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry" Anal Biochem. 2005 Aug 1;343(1):93-9. Tian Q, Rosselot RA, Schwartz SJ.

"Radish Sprouts Versus Broccoli Sprouts:  A Comparison of Anti-Cancer Potential Based on Glucosinolate Breakdown Products" ISHS Acta Horticulturae 841: II International Symposium on Human Health Effects of Fruits and Vegetables: FAVHEALTH 2007, T.J. O'Hare, D.J. Williams, B. Zhang, L.S. Wong, S. Jarrett, S. Pun, W. Jorgensen, M. Imsic.

Isoflavine - See Phytoestrogen

 

L-DOPA

"Improved health-relevant functionality in dark germinated Mucuna pruriens sprouts by elicitation with peptide and phytochemical elicitors." Bioresour Technol. 2009 Oct;100(19):4507-14. Epub 2009 May 19, Randhir R, Kwon YI, Shetty K.

"L-DOPA and Total Phenolic Stimulation in Dark Germinated Fava Bean in Response to Peptide and Phytochemical Elicitors", Process Biochemistry, Volume 37, Issue 11 , June 2002, Pages 1247-1256, Reena Randhir, Preethi Shetty and Kalidas Shetty, Department of Food Science, Chenoweth Laboratory, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.

"Microwave-Induced Stimulation of L -DOPA, Phenolics and Antioxidant Activity in Fava Bean (Vicia faba) for Parkinson’s Diet", Process Biochemistry, Volume 39, Issue 11 , 30 July 2004, Pages 1775-1784, Reena Randhir and Kalidas Shetty, Chenoweth Laboratory, Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.

"Phenolics, Their Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity in Dark Germinated Fenugreek Sprouts in Response to Peptide and Phytochemical Elicitors", Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2004;13(3):295-307. Randhir R, Lin YT, Shetty K. Department of Food Science, Chenoweth Laboratory, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.

Nutrition - General

"Aqua-culture improved buckwheat sprouts with more abundant precious nutrients and hypolipidemic activity." Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2009 Jun 30:1-14. Peng CC, Chen KC, Yang YL, Lin LY, Peng RY.

 

“Barley grass” In: DerMarderosian A, Beutler JA, eds. Facts and Comparisons: The Review of Natural Products. Anon: St. Louis, MO, Facts and Comparisons. January 2002.

 

"Biochemical and nutritional studies of germinated soybean seeds", [Article in Spanish]Arch Latinoam Nutr 1985 Sep;35(3):480-90.

 

"Cereal sprouts: composition, nutritive value, food applications", Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 1980;13(4):353-85., Lorenz K.

 

"Changes in the carbohydrates and nitrogenous components during germination of proso millet, Panicum miliaceum", Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 1994 Feb;45(2):97-102. Parameswaran KP, Sadasivam S. Department of Biochemistry, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, India.

"Contents and digestibility of carbohydrates of mung beans (Vigna radiata L.) as affected by domestic processing and cooking", Plant Foods Hum Nutr 1988;38(1):51-9, Kataria A, Chauhan BM.

"Effect of Egyptian cooking methods of faba beans on its nutritive value, dietary protein utilization and iron deficiency anemia. 1. The role of main technological pretreatments", Plant Foods Hum Nutr 1996 Jan;49(1):83-92, Bakr AA.

"Effect of germinated barley foodstuff administration on mineral utilization in rodents" J Gastroenterol. 2000;35(3):188-94. Kanauchi O, Araki Y, Andoh A, Iwanaga T, Maeda N, Mitsuyama K, Bamba T, Hibi T. Applied Bioresearch Center, Corporate Research and Development Division, Kirin Brewery, Takasaki, Japan.

"Effect of Germination on Cereal and Legume Nutrient Changes and Food or Feed Value:  A Comprehensive Review", from Recent Advances in Photochemistry, Vol. 17, Mobilization of Reserves in Germination, P. L. Finney, 1982.

"Effect of sprouting on the nitrogenous constituents and mineral composition of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) seeds"., Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 1991 Jan;41(1):21-6. Obizoba IC., Department of Home Science and Nutrition, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, West Africa.

"The effects of sprouting times on nutritive value of two varieties of African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa)". Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 1992 Oct;42(4):319-27. Obizoba IC, Nnam N., Department of Home Science and Nutrition, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.

"The effects of varying sprouting periods on the nutritional quality of normal yellow corn (Zea mays)", Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 1990 Jan;40(1):73-81., Obizoba IC., Department of Home Science and Nutrition, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.

"Enzymes of nucleic acid metabolism from mung bean sprouts. 3. The identification of 5'-mononucleotides as hydrolysis products of ribonuclease M-2” J Biol Chem 1966 Jun 25;241(12):2881-5, Walters TL, Loring HS.

"Enzymes of nucleic acid metabolism from mung bean sprouts. II. The specificity of 3'-nucleotidase activity and general properties of the 3'-nucleotidase-ribonuclease M2 fraction.”, J Biol Chem, 1966 Jun 25;241(12):2876-80, Loring HS, McLennan JE, Walters TL.

"Enzymes of nucleic acid metabolism from mung bean sprouts. I. Fractionation and concentration of phosphomonoesterase, ribonucleases M1 and M2, 3'-nucleotidase, and deoxyribonuclease” J Biol Chem 1966 Jun 25;241(12):2870-5, Walters TL, Loring HS.

"Evolution and kinetics of monosaccharides, disaccharides and alpha-galactosides during germination of lentils." Z Lebensm Unters Forsch 1996 Jan;202(1):35-9. Frias J, Diaz-Pollan C, Hedley CL, Vidal-Valverde C.
John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK.

"Evaluation of zinc and magnesium bioavailability from pea (Pisum sativum, L.) sprouts. Effect of illumination and different germination period" International Journal of Food Science & Technology. Volume 41 Issue 6 Page 618-626, June 2006. Gloria Urbano, María López-Jurado, Carlos Aranda, Antonio Vilchez, Lydia Cabrera, Jesus M. Porres & Pilar Aranda. Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad de Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain.

“Germination and nutrient composition of alfalfa sprouts”,  Hamilton MJ and Vanderstep J. 1979. J. Food Sci. 44:443-445.

"Food safety evaluation of broccoli and radish sprouts" Food Chem Toxicol. 2008 Jan 8, Martínez-Villaluenga C, Frías J, Gulewicz P, Gulewicz K, Vidal-Valverde C., Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid 28006, Spain.

“Germination and nutrient composition of alfalfa seeds” J. Food Sci. 44(2), 443-445. Hamilton, M.J. and Vanderstoep, J. 1979.

"Influence of germination on the nutritional quality of lentil seeds", Z Lebensm Unters Forsch 1985 Oct;181(4):318-20, el-Mahdy AR, Moharram YG, Abou-Samaha OR.

"[The influence of germination on the nutritional value of wheat, mung beans and chickpeas]", Z Lebensm Unters Forsch. 1987 Nov;185(5):386-93., [Article in German] Harmuth-Hoene AE, Bognar AE, Kornemann U, Diehl JF., Bundesforschungsanstalt fur Ernahrung, Karlsruhe, Bundesrepublik Deutschland.

"Legume sprouts as a source of protein and other nutrients.", J Am Oil Chem Soc 1979 Mar;56(3):382, von Hofsten B.

"Nucleic acid components in carbohydrate-rich food", Z Lebensm Unters Forsch 1990 Jan;190(1):17-21, [Article in German], Lassek E, Montag A., Institut fur Biochemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Universitat Hamburg, Bundesrepublik Deutschland.

"Nucleoside diphosphate glucosepyrophosphorylase and 5'-nucleotidase from bean sprouts”, Biokhimiia,  1972 Jan-Feb;37(1):146-51, [Article in Russian], Morozova AV, Stepanenko BN.

"Nutrients in seeds and sprouts of alfalfa, lentils, mung beans, and soybeans", Kylen, Anne M.; McCready, Rolland M., Journal of Food Science (1975), 40(5), 1008-9 CODEN: JFDSAZ; ISSN: 0022-1147. English.

"Nutritional changes caused by the germination of legumes commonly eaten in Chile", Arch Latinoam Nutr 1992 Sep;42(3):283-90, [Article in Spanish], Camacho L, Sierra C, Campos R, Guzman E, Marcus D., Unidad de Agroindustrias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago.

"Nutritional composition and antinutritional factors of chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) undergoing different cooking methods and germination", Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2002 Winter;57(1):83-97, el-Adawy TA.

"Nutritional composition, processing, and utilization of horse gram and moth bean.", Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 1985;22(1):1-26, Kadam SS, Salunkhe DK.

"Nutritional improvement of cereals by sprouting.", Chavan JK, Kadam SS., Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Phule Agricultural University, Rahuri, India., Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 1989;28(5):401-37.

"Nutritional quality of germinated cowpea flour (Vigna unguiculata) and its application in home prepared powdered weaning foods", Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2001;56(3):203-16. Jirapa P, Normah H, Zamaliah MM, Asmah R, Mohamad K.

"Optimization of Bioactive Compounds in Buckwheat Sprouts and Their Effect on Blood Cholesterol in Hamsters." J Agric Food Chem. 2008 Jan 24, Lin LY, Peng CC, Yang YL, Peng RY.

"Polyphenol Oxidase from Bean Sprouts (Glycine max l.)", January/February 2003, Journal of Food Science Vol. 68, No. 1, 2003, T. Nagai and N. Suzuki.

"Potential for the Use of Germinated Wheat and Soybeans to Enhance Human Nutrition",  from Advances In Experimental Medicine and Biology, 1979, P. L. Finney.

"Processing, suitability and nutritive value of field bean seeds after germination" Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, Volume 36, Issue 8, Date: August 1985, Pages: 745-751, Wlodzimierz Bednarski, Jan Tomasik, Barbara Piatkowska, Institute of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture and Technology, Olsztyn, Poland.

"Quality and sensory evaluation of fifteen kinds of sprouts". Liaw, T.J.; Shanhua, Tainan: AVRDC, 1997. 16p. : ill., tables En, Abst. in En, AVRDC Summer Student Report.

"Stimulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid synthesis activity in brown rice by a chitosan/glutamic acid germination solution and calcium/calmodulin" J Biochem Mol Biol. 2003 May 31;36(3):319-25. Oh SH., Department of Biotechnology, Woosuk University, Jeonju 565-701, Korea.

"Structural heterogeneity of phospholipase D in 10 dicots.", Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996 Apr 5;221(1):31-6, Dyer JH, Zheng S, Wang X., Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, 66506, USA.

[Superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in the winter wheat sprout leaves under the effect of exogenous hydrogen peroxide]  Ukr Biokhim Zh. 2008 Nov-Dec;80(6):101-5. [Article in Ukrainian] Batsmanova LM.

"Synthesis of L-ascorbic acid in Vigna mungo sprouts: sequential development of the enzymes involved in the synthesis and metabolism", American Society of Plant Biologists, Abstract Number:1640, Presented by: Oba, Kazuko, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nagoya Women's University.

"The influence of germination on the nutritional value of wheat, mung beans and chickpeas" Z Lebensm Unters Forsch 1987 Nov;185(5):386-93
[Article in German] Harmuth-Hoene AE, Bognar AE, Kornemann U, Diehl JF. Bundesforschungsanstalt fur Ernahrung, Karlsruhe, Bundesrepublik Deutschland.

"Total Chemically Available (Free and Intrachain) Lysine and Furosine in Pea, Bean, and Lentil Sprouts" J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Nov 1. Rodríguez C, Frías J, Vidal-Valverde C, Hernández A.

"Uptake of various trace elements during germination of wheat, buckwheat and quinoa.", Plant Foods Hum Nutr 1997;50(3):223-37, Lintschinger J, Fuchs N, Moser H, Jager R, Hlebeina T, Markolin G, Gossler W., Karl-Franzens Universitat Graz, Institut fur Analytische Chemie, Austria.

“Use of Soybeans as Sprouts” Hort. Science, 11(3), 235-236. Adjei-Twum, D.C. 1976. (No Abstract Provided).

"Zinc and copper content of foods used in vegetarian diets.", J Am Diet Assoc 1980, Dec;77(6):648-54, Freeland-Graves JH, Ebangit ML, Bodzy PW.

Peroxidase

[Change in the reaction of the antioxidant system of wheat sprouts after UV-irradiation of seeds], Biofizika. 2000 Jul-Aug;45(4):730-6., [Article in Russian], Rogozhin VV, Kuriliuk TT, Filippova NP. Yakutsk State Agricultural Academy, Russia.

Phenolic Acid

"Analysis of phenolic compounds in white rice, brown rice, and germinated brown rice" J Agric Food Chem. 2004 Jul 28;52(15):4808-13. Tian S, Nakamura K, Kayahara H., Department of Science of Biological Resources, United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.

 

"Chemical components with health implications in wild and cultivated Mexican common bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)"
J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Mar 22;54(6):2045-52. Diaz-Batalla L, Widholm JM, Fahey GC Jr, Castano-Tostado E, Paredes-Lopez O. Programa de Posgrado en Alimentos del Centro de la Republica, Facultad de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Queretaro, Qro. 76010, Mexico.

"Contribution of low-molecular-weight antioxidants to the antioxidant capacity of raw and processed lentil seeds." Nahrung. 2003 Oct;47(5):291-9. Fernandez-Orozco R, Zielinski H, Piskula MK. EU Centre of Excellence CENEXFOOD, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland.

"Effect of methyl jasmonate on phenolics, isothiocyanate, and metabolic enzymes in radish sprout (Raphanus sativus L.)." J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Sep 20;54(19):7263-9. Kim HJ, Chen F, Wang X, Choi JH. Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA.

"Germination and exposure to UV light and chemical elicitors enhance the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of 13 different seeds" 2005 IFT Annual Meeting, July 15-20 - New Orleans, Louisiana, Session 36E, Fruit & Vegetable Products: General, B. A. CEVALLOS-CASALS and L. A. Cisneros-Zevallos.

"L-DOPA and Total Phenolic Stimulation in Dark Germinated Fava Bean in Response to Peptide and Phytochemical Elicitors", Process Biochemistry, Volume 37, Issue 11 , June 2002, Pages 1247-1256, Reena Randhir, Preethi Shetty and Kalidas Shetty, Department of Food Science, Chenoweth Laboratory, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.

"Microwave-Induced Stimulation of L -DOPA, Phenolics and Antioxidant Activity in Fava Bean (Vicia faba) for Parkinson’s Diet", Process Biochemistry, Volume 39, Issue 11 , 30 July 2004, Pages 1775-1784, Reena Randhir and Kalidas Shetty, Chenoweth Laboratory, Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA

"Phenolics, Their Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity in Dark Germinated Fenugreek Sprouts in Response to Peptide and Phytochemical Elicitors", Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2004;13(3):295-307. Randhir R, Lin YT, Shetty K. Department of Food Science, Chenoweth Laboratory, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.

"Screening of antioxidant compounds during sprouting of Brassica oleracea L. var. costata DC." Comb Chem High Throughput Screen. 2007 Jun;10(5):377-86, Sousa C, Lopes G, Pereira DM, Taveira M, Valentão P, Seabra RM, Pereira JA, Baptista P, Ferreres F, Andrade PB. REQUIMTE/Serviço de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Aníbal Cunha 164, 4050-047 Porto, Portugal.

"Stimulation of phenolics, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in dark germinated mung bean sprouts in response to peptide and phytochemical elicitors". By: Randhir, Reena; Lin, Yuan-Tong; Shetty, Kalidas. Process Biochemistry, Jan 2004, Vol. 39 Issue 5, p637, 10p;

"Total Phenolics Level, Antioxidant Activities and Cytotoxicity of Young Sprouts of Some Traditional Korean Salad Plants". Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2008 Nov 19. Chon SU, Heo BG, Park YS, Kim DK, Gorinstein S. EFARINET Co. Ltd., BI Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, South Korea.

Phytoestrogen

"Assessing phytoestrogen exposure in epidemiologic studies: development of a database (United States).", Cancer Causes Control 2000 Apr;11(4):289-98, Horn-Ross PL, Barnes S, Lee M, Coward L, Mandel JE, Koo J, John EM, Smith M., Northern California Cancer Center, Union City 94587, USA.

 

"Chemical components with health implications in wild and cultivated Mexican common bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)"
J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Mar 22;54(6):2045-52. Diaz-Batalla L, Widholm JM, Fahey GC Jr, Castano-Tostado E, Paredes-Lopez O. Programa de Posgrado en Alimentos del Centro de la Republica, Facultad de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Queretaro, Qro. 76010, Mexico.

 

Comparative Study on Separation and Purification of Isoflavones from the Seeds and Sprouts of Chickpea by HSCCC. Lv Q, Yang Y, Zhao Y, Gu D, He D, Yili A, Ma Q, Cheng Z, Gao Y, Aisa HA, Ito Y. J Liq Chromatogr Relat Technol. 2009 Jan 1;32(19):2879-2892. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Natural Products Chemistry, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, P.R. China.

"Determination of lignans and isoflavonoids in human female plasma following dietary supplementation.", J Endocrinol 1994 Aug;142(2):251-9, Morton MS, Wilcox G, Wahlqvist ML, Griffiths K., Tenovus Cancer Research Centre, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK.

"Dietary phytoestrogens." Annu Rev Nutr 1997;17:353-81, Kurzer MS, Xu X., Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108, USA.

"Evaluation of the estrogenic effects of legume extracts containing phytoestrogens." J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Apr 9;51(8):2193-9. Boue SM, Wiese TE, Nehls S, Burow ME, Elliott S, Carter-Wientjes CH, Shih BY, McLachlan JA, Cleveland TE. Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, Louisiana 70179, USA.

"Food sources of phyto-oestrogens and their precursors in Europe", Br J Nutr. 2003 Jun;89 Suppl 1:S39-43. Fletcher RJ. Kellogg Company, Manchester, UK.

"Health effects of phytoestrogens" Forum Nutr. 2005;(57):100-11. Branca F, Lorenzetti S. National Institute for Research on Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy.

"Membrane estrogen receptor-alpha-mediated nongenomic actions of phytoestrogens in GH3/B6/F10 pituitary tumor cells" J Mol Signal. 2009 Apr 28;4:2, Jeng YJ, Kochukov MY, Watson CS.

"Phytoestrogens and Thyroid Cancer Risk: The San Francisco Bay Area Thyroid Cancer Study." Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2002 Jan;11(1):43-9, Horn-Ross PL, Hoggatt KJ, Lee MM. Northern California Cancer Center, 32960 Alvarado-Niles Road, Suite 600, Union City, CA 94587, USA.

"Phytoestrogen content of foods--a compendium of literature values.", Nutr Cancer 1996;26(2):123-48. Reinli K, Block G., Public Health Nutrition Program, University of California at Berkeley 94720, USA.

Isoflavone

[A study on isoflavones intake from soy foods and perimenstrual symptoms] [Article in Korean] Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi. 2007 Apr;37(3):276-85. Kim HW, Khil JM. Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Kwandong University, Korea.

"Comparison of Isoflavone Concentrations in Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) Sprouts Grown under Two Different Light Conditions" J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Nov 14;55(23):9415-21. Lee SJ, Ahn JK, Khanh TD, Chun SC, Kim SL, Ro HM, Song HK, Chung IM. Department of Applied Life Science, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.

"Content and Composition of Isoflavonoids in Mature or Immature Beans and Bean Sprouts Consumed in Japan",  Journal of Health Science, 47(4) 394–406 (2001), Yumiko Nakamura,* Akiko Kaihara, Kimihiko Yoshii, Yukari Tsumura, Susumu Ishimitsu, and Yasuhide Tonogai, Division of Food Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, Osaka Branch, 1–1–43 Hoenzaka, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540– 0006, Japan.

"Direct Antioxidant Activity of Purified Glucoerucin, the Dietary Secondary Metabolite Contained in Rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.) Seeds and Sprouts" J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Apr 6;53(7):2475-2482. Barillari J, Canistro D, Paolini M, Ferroni F, Pedulli GF, Iori R, Valgimigli L.

"Estimated dietary isoflavone intake of Korean population based on National Nutrition Survey.", Nutr Res 2001 Jul;21(7):947-953, Kim J, Kwon C., Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, 702-749, Taegu, South Korea.

"Germinated or Fermented Legumes: Food or Ingredients of Functional Food", Arch Latinoam Nutr. 2003 Dec;53(4):348-54. [Article in Spanish], Davila MA, Sangronis E, Granito M.

"Health effects of phytoestrogens" Forum Nutr. 2005;(57):100-11. Branca F, Lorenzetti S. National Institute for Research on Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy.

Protein

"Chemistry and technology of green gram (Vigna radiata [L.] Wilczek)." Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 1986;25(1):73-105, Adsule RN, Kadam SS, Salunkhe DK.

"Digestibility of processed food protein", Adv Exp Med Biol 1991;289:371-88, Oste RE.

"Digestibility of proteins and starch (in vitro) of amphidiploids (black gram x mung bean) as affected by domestic processing and cooking", Plant Foods Hum Nutr 1992 Apr;42(2):117-25, Kataria A, Chauhan BM, Punia D.

"Effect of Germination on Cereal and Legume Nutrient Changes and Food or Feed Value:  A Comprehensive Review", from Recent Advances in Photochemistry, Vol. 17, Mobilization of Reserves in Germination, P. L. Finney, 1982.

"Effect of germination on protein quality of wheat and mung beans--studies of nitrogen balance in growing rats", [Article in German], Z Ernahrungswiss 1988 Mar;27(1):40-7, Harmuth-Hoene AE.

"Effect of germination on the protein content and on the level of specific activity of lipoxygenase-1 in seedlings of three soybean cultivars", Arch Latinoam Nutr 1995 Sep;45(3):222-6, Bordingnon JR, Ida EL, Oliveira MC, Mandarino JM.

"Evidence for the presence of a [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin in bean sprouts", Biochim Biophys Acta 1988 Jul 6;934(2):169-76, Hirasawa M, Sung JD, Malkin R, Zilber A, Droux M, Knaff DB., Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409-1061.

"Functional and electrophoretic characteristics of faba bean (Vicia faba) flour proteins as affected by germination", Nahrung 1988;32(6):577-83, Rahma EH.

"In vitro protein digestibility and physicochemical properties of dry red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) flour: effect of processing and incorporation of soybean and cowpea flour", J Agric Food Chem 2001 May;49(5):2465-71, Njintang NY, Mbofung CM, Waldron KW.

"Nutritional evaluation of biologically treated white kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in pigs: ileal and amino acid digestibility", J Anim Sci 1997 Dec;75(12):3187-94, Schulze H, Savelkoul FH, Verstegen MW, van der Poel AF, Tamminga S, Groot Nibbelink S.

"Nutritional evaluation of chickpea and germinated chickpea flours", Plant Foods Hum Nutr 1988;38(2):127-34, Fernandez ML, Berry JW.

"Protein, and dietary fiber-rich new foodstuff from brewer's spent grain increased excretion of feces and jejunum mucosal protein content in rats" Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1997 Jan;61(1):29-33. Kanauchi O, Agata K. Applied Bioresearch Center Corporate Research and Development Division, Kirin Brewery, Co., Ltd., Gunma, Japan.

"Protein digestibility (in vitro) of chickpea and blackgram seeds as affected by domestic processing and cooking.", Plant Foods Hum Nutr 1989 Jun;39(2):149-54, Jood S, Chauhan BM, Kapoor AC., Department of Foods & Nutrition, Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India.

"Protein digestability of vegetables and field peas (Pisum sativum). Varietal differences and effect of domestic processing and cooking methods",  Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 1994 Jul;46(1):71-6. Bishnoi S, Khetarpaul N. Department of Foods and Nutrition, Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India.

"Proteomic analysis of rice (Oryza sativa) seeds during germination" Proteomics. 2007 Sep;7(18):3358-68. Yang P, Li X, Wang X, Chen H, Chen F, Shen S.Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.

"Starch and protein digestibility of newly released moth bean cultivars: Effect of soaking, dehulling, germination and pressure cooking", Nahrung 2001 Aug;45(4):251-4, Negi A, Boora P, Khetarpaul N.

"Studies on some Egyptian foods. Part 2: The effect of protein on blood constituents of rats", Z Ernahrungswiss 1980 Dec;19(4):248-50, Awadalla MZ, El-Gedaily AM, El-Shamy AE, El-Aziz KA.

Resveratrol

"Germination of Peanut Kernels to Enhance Resveratrol Biosynthesis and Prepare Sprouts as a Functional Vegetable". J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Jan 26;53(2):242-6. Wang KH, Lai YH, Chang JC, Ko TF, Shyu SL, Chiou RY.

Rutin

"An anthocyanin compound in buckwheat sprouts and its contribution to antioxidant capacity" Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2007 Feb;71(2):579-82. Epub 2007 Feb 7. Watanabe M. National Agricultural Research Center for Tohoku Region, Morioka, Irwate, Japan.

Saponins

"Analysis of saponins from black bean by electrospray ionization and fast atom bombardment tandem mass spectrometry.",  J Mass Spectrom 1999 Aug;34(8):804-12, Lee MR, Chen CM, Hwang BH, Hsu LM., Department of Chemistry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.

"Interactions of alfalfa plant and sprout saponins with cholesterol in vitro and in cholesterol-fed rats.", Am J Clin Nutr 1984 Jun;39(6):917-29, Story JA, LePage SL, Petro MS, West LG, Cassidy MM, Lightfoot FG, Vahouny GV.

"Saponin content and trypsin inhibitor activity in processed and cooked pigeon pea cultivars.", Int J Food Sci Nutr 2001 Jan;52(1):53-9, Duhan A, Khetarpaul N, Bishnoi S., Department of Foods and Nutrition, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125004, India.

"Saponins for Health: What will they think of next?", Timely Topics from the Department of Human Nutrition, K-State Research and Extension, Mary Clarke, Ph.D.

"Structural Determination of Saponins from Mungbean Sprouts by Tandem Mass Spectrometry.", Adv Exp Med Biol 1996; 405:331-7, Lee MR, Lee JS, Wang JC, Waller GR., Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. (No Abstract Provided).

Selenium

"Cancer-protective properties of high-selenium broccoli.", J Agric Food Chem 2001 May;49(5):2679-83, Finley JW, Ip C, Lisk DJ, Davis CD, Hintze KJ, Whanger PD., Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 9034, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58203-9034, USA.

 

"Selenium accumulation in different brown rice cultivars and its distribution in fractions." J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Jan 28;57(2):695-700. Liu K, Gu Z.

"Selenium-enriched sprouts. A raw material for fortified cereal-based diets." J Agric Food Chem 2000 Nov;48(11):5362-8, Lintschinger J, Fuchs N, Moser J, Kuehnelt D, Goessler W. Oekopharm F&E GmbH, Moosham 29, A-5580 Unternberg, Austria, and Institute of Chemistry, K.F. UNI Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, A-8010 Graz, Austria.

"Selenium enrichment of broccoli sprout extract increases chemosensitivity and apoptosis of LNCaP prostate cancer cells." BMC Cancer. 2009 Nov 30;9:414. Abdulah R, Faried A, Kobayashi K, Yamazaki C, Suradji EW, Ito K, Suzuki K, Murakami M, Kuwano H, Koyama H. Department of Public Health, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.

Typsin Inhibitor & Anti-Nutrient Reduction

"Analysis of trypsin inhibitors and lectins in white kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris, var. Processor) in a combined method", J Assoc Off Anal Chem 1991 Nov-Dec;74(6):940-3, Roozen JP, de Groot J.

"Antinutrients and digestibility (in vitro) of soaked, dehulled and germinated cowpeas", Nutr Health 2000;14(2):109-17, Preet K, Punia D.

"Antinutrients in amphidiploids (black gram x Mung bean): varietal differences and effect of domestic processing and cooking", Plant Foods Hum Nutr 1989 Sep;39(3):257-66, Kataria A, Chauhan BM, Punia D.

"Antinutritional factors of chickpea and pigeonpea and their removal by processing", Plant Foods Hum Nutr 1988;38(3):251-61, Singh U.

"Changes in protein fractions, trypsin inhibitor and proteolytic activity in the cotyledons of germinating chickpea", Arch Latinoam Nutr 2001 Sep;51(3):269-75, Neves VA, Lourenco EJ.

"Degradation of lectins, phaseolin and trypsin inhibitors during germination of white kidney beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L.", Plant Foods Hum Nutr 1994 Apr;45(3):213-22,  Savelkoul FH, Tamminga S, Leenaars PP, Schering J, Ter Maat DW.

"Effect of domestic processing, cooking and germination on the trypsin inhibitor activity and tannin content of faba bean (Vicia faba)", Plant Foods Hum Nutr 1992 Apr;42(2):127-33, Sharma A, Sehgal S.

"Effect of heat treatment on nutritional quality of germinated legume seeds", J Agric Food Chem 2000 Jun;48(6):2082-6, Trugo LC, Donangelo CM, Trugo NM, Bach Knudsen KE.

"Effect of soaking, cooking and germination on the oligosaccharide content of selected Nigerian legume seeds", Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2000;55(2):97-110, Oboh HA, Muzquiz M, Burbano C, Cuadrado C, Pedrosa MM, Ayet G, Osagie AU.

"Effect of soaking, germination, cooking and fermentation on antinutritional factors in cowpeas",  Nahrung 2002 Apr;46(2):92-5, Ibrahim SS, Habiba RA, Shatta AA, Embaby HE.

"Effects of heat treatments and germination on trypsin inhibitor activity and polyphenols in jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis L. DC)", Plant Foods Hum Nutr 1988;38(4):319-24, Babar VS, Chavan JK, Kadam SS.

"Germinated or Fermented Legumes: Food or Ingredients of Functional Food", Arch Latinoam Nutr. 2003 Dec;53(4):348-54. [Article in Spanish], Davila MA, Sangronis E, Granito M.

"Influence of germination on the nutritional quality of lentil seeds", Z Lebensm Unters Forsch 1985 Oct;181(4):318-20, el-Mahdy AR, Moharram YG, Abou-Samaha OR.

"Inositol phosphate content and trypsin inhibitor activity in ready-to-eat cruciferous sprouts" Food Chemistry, Volume 93, Issue 2, November 2005, Pages 331-336.

"Nutrient and Trypsin Inhibitor Content of Hydroponically Sprouted Soya Beans", Animal Feed Science and Technology, 13 (1985) 203-214.

"Nutritional evaluation of biologically treated white kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in pigs: ileal and amino acid digestibility", J Anim Sci 1997 Dec;75(12):3187-94, Schulze H, Savelkoul FH, Verstegen MW, van der Poel AF, Tamminga S, Groot Nibbelink S.

"Nutritional improvement of cereals by sprouting.", Chavan JK, Kadam SS., Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Phule Agricultural University, Rahuri, India., Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 1989;28(5):401-37.

"Oligosaccharides in several Philippine indigenous food legumes: determination, localization and removal", Plant Foods Hum Nutr 1990 Jan;40(1):83-93, Revilleza MJ, Mendoza EM, Raymundo LC.

"Optimum domestic processing and cooking methods for reducing the polyphenolic (antinutrient) content of pigeon peas", Nutr Health 2000;13(4):227-34, Duhan A, Khetarpaul N, Bishnoi S.

"Phytic acid, in vitro protein digestibility, dietary fiber, and minerals of pulses as influenced by processing methods", Plant Foods Hum Nutr 1996 Jun;49(4):307-16, Chitra U, Singh U, Rao PV.

"Presence and inactivation of trypsin inhibitors, tannins, lectins and amylase inhibitors in legume seeds during germination. A review", Plant Foods Hum Nutr 1992 Jan;42(1):71-85, Savelkoul FH, van der Poel AF, Tamminga S.

"Proteinases involved in the degradation of trypsin inhibitor in germinating mung beans", Acta Biochim Pol 1983;30(2):139-48, Wilson KA, Tan-Wilson AL.

"Proteolysis of trypsin inhibitors in legume seeds", Crit Rev Biotechnol 1988;8(3):197-216, Wilson KA.

"Saponin content and trypsin inhibitor activity in processed and cooked pigeon pea cultivars.", Int J Food Sci Nutr 2001 Jan;52(1):53-9, Duhan A, Khetarpaul N, Bishnoi S., Department of Foods and Nutrition, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125004, India.

"Studies on amylase inhibitors in some Egyptian legume seeds", Plant Foods Hum Nutr 1988;38(4):325-32, Shekib LA, el-Iraqui SM, Abo-Bakr TM.

"Survey of nitrate and nitrite contents of vegetables grown in Korea". Food Addit Contam. 2003 Jul;20(7):621-8. Chung SY, Kim JS, Kim M, Hong MK, Lee JO, Kim CM, Song IS. Korea Food and Drug Administration, Department of Food Evaluation, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Vitamins

"An evaluation of germinating beans as a source of vitamin C in refugee foods", Eur J Clin Nutr 1998 Feb;52(2):115-8, Riddoch CH, Mills CF, Duthie GG.

 

"Direct Antioxidant Activity of Purified Glucoerucin, the Dietary Secondary Metabolite Contained in Rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.) Seeds and Sprouts" J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Apr 6;53(7):2475-2482. Barillari J, Canistro D, Paolini M, Ferroni F, Pedulli GF, Iori R, Valgimigli L.

"Effect of Germination on Cereal and Legume Nutrient Changes and Food or Feed Value:  A Comprehensive Review", from Recent Advances in Photochemistry, Vol. 17, Mobilization of Reserves in Germination, P. L. Finney, 1982.

"Evaluation of zinc and magnesium bioavailability from pea (Pisum sativum, L.) sprouts. Effect of illumination and different germination period" International Journal of Food Science & Technology. Volume 41 Issue 6 Page 618-626, June 2006. Gloria Urbano, María López-Jurado, Carlos Aranda, Antonio Vilchez, Lydia Cabrera, Jesus M. Porres & Pilar Aranda. Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad de Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain.

For a large bibliography (313 entries) on nutrition in sprouts prior to 1982, please see "Effect of Germination on Cereal and Legume Nutrient Changes and Food or Feed Value:  A Comprehensive Review", from Recent Advances in Photochemistry, Vol. 17, Mobilization of Reserves in Germination, P. L. Finney, 1982.